Overview

Abstract (English)

KEY POINTS: * Having a university degree does not guarantee better labour market outcomes for immigrants. Immigrants with at least one university degree have lower annual earnings than Canadian-born with the same education. * The average unemployment rate for all university-educated immigrants is double the unemployment rate for their Canadian-born counterparts even though both groups have similar labour force participation rates. * The gap in annual earnings between Canadian-born and immigrant university graduates is larger for immigrants who arrived recently. • Female immigrants with at least one university degree have the poorest labour market outcomes. They have lower annual earnings and higher unemployment rates than equally well-educated Canadian-born women, immigrant men and Canadian-born men. * University graduates born in Pakistan and Iran report the lowest annual earnings and highest unemployment rates of all immigrants with university degrees. More research is needed to understand the effects of country of birth on the integration of university-educated immigrants in the Toronto labour market. * Labour market outcomes are generally better for well-educated immigrants who are 35 to 44 years old: they have higher annual earnings and lower unemployment rates than immigrants in other age groups.

Abstract (French)

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