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Highlights * This is the first study on long-term trends in incidence and relative survival among lung cancer patients in Canada. * One-year relative survival ratios steadily increased over time for both males and females, but 5-year relative survival decreased for most groups. * Although incidence rate of lung cancer decreased for males it increased among females. Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate trends in incidence and relative survival ratio in patients diagnosed with invasive lung cancer in Canada over the period of 1992-2007. Materials and methods We identified patients with primary invasive non-small cell lung cancers in the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) dataset. Patients younger than 18 years of age were excluded in this analysis. A flexible parametric model was used to estimate one- and five-year relative survival ratios and excess mortality rate. Results In total 182,417, patients from CCR dataset with invasive lung cancer were identified of which 57.2% (n=106,197) were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 68.8 (SD=11.0) years. The incidence rate of lung cancer decreased in men and increased in women. Although one-year relative survival ratio slightly improved over time for both genders and most age groups, five-year relative survival decreased for most of the groups. Conclusions Although the incidence rate of invasive lung cancer continued to decrease in men, it is increasing in women and the gap in incidence between men and women is narrowing. The one-year relative survival ratio gradually increased for most age groups over the study period, particularly for the younger age groups. Additionally, excess mortality rate is at its peak shortly after diagnosis and for the first 6 months and thereafter gradually decreases.