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Objectives Examine the associations of sleep problems with health-risk behaviors and psychological well-being in a representative sample of Canadian adults. Design Cross-sectional. Setting The 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, conducted by Statistics Canada). Participants Of all individuals taking part in the 2011-2012 CCHS, 42,600 participants aged =>18 years from five provinces/territories (Nova Scotia, Quebec, Manitoba, Alberta, and Yukon) who participated in the sleep survey module were selected for this study. Measurements Health conditions were self-reported. Sleep problems referred to extreme sleep durations (either <5 or =>10 hours) and insomnia symptom. Health-risk behaviors included physical inactivity, daily smoking, highly sedentary behavior, and insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption. Worse psychological well-being included having worse self-rated general health, worse self-rated mental health, and worse sense of belonging, and being dissatisfied with life. Results The participants represented 10,614,600 Canadian adults aged =>18 years from the five abovementioned provinces/territories. A significantly higher prevalence of all health-risk behaviors and worse psychological well-being was found among participants with extreme sleep durations (than those with 7 to <8 hours) and insomnia symptom (than those without insomnia symptom). After multivariate adjustment, extreme sleep durations and insomnia symptom were still independently associated with increased odds of all health-risk behaviors and worse psychological well-being. Conclusions Both extreme sleep durations and insomnia symptom were independently associated with health-risk behaviors and worse psychological well-being among Canadian adults.